不同品种和地区对稻米镉含量与品质的耦合影响

为了研究不同水稻品种在不同种植地区的稻米镉含量及其与品质的关系,以分别种植在湖南长沙和广东惠州的‘齐丰占’、‘湘直粳’、‘玉香油占’等46个不同遗传背景的水稻品种(系)为研究对象,采用原子吸光光谱法测定稻米镉含量和FOSS全自动流动注射仪测定米质各性状指标。结果表明:(1)不同基因型水稻品种的镉积累存在极显著水平的品种间差异,在长沙地区种植稻米平均镉含量大约是惠州地区的两倍。(2)不同水稻品种(系)在惠州地区种植的稻米品质明显优于长沙地区。(3)不同水稻品种(系)在长沙地区种植的精米镉含量与胶稠度、蛋白质含量间具显著相关性;而在惠州地区主要与糙米率、精米率呈显著水平的负相关;与其他米质性状的相关性均未达显著水平。惠州地区稻田环境更利于种植水稻,‘湘晚12选32’、‘湘晚籼12号’、‘湘晚6选31’等为低镉积累品种,可推广;‘佳福占’、‘9311选’、‘R云育90’等镉含量已超过国标,不可作为生产推广品种。     

Incorporating local ecological knowledge into urban riparian restoration in a mountainous region of Southwest China

Modern cities use straightened and concrete watercourses with simple greening for riparian zones, which has been criticised for insensitivity to natural system integrity and cultural identity. This increases the challenge to urban ecologists, landscape designers and managers to conceive innovative and effective design solutions that do not jeopardise hydraulic efficiency yet are culturally acceptable to local communities. This paper introduces the field of local ecological knowledge (LEK) as rich sources of inspiration and design solutions to meet this challenge. LEK refers to knowledge and practices of various local cultures about the relationship of living beings (including humans) with their environments. Wepropose a pragmatic framework that integrates LEK with modern landscape design. It includes steps: (1) investigate existing practices, skills andmeasures relating to LEK; (2) explore how and whereLEKcan inspire or integrate withdesign. Here we propose three aspects for integration in accordance with the nature of landscaping process: overall structure, component and maintenance.(3)evaluate and test the integration in terms of its acceptability by local communities. Taking the riparian revegetation project of Hanfeng Lake Urban Wetland Park (Chongqing Municipality) as an example, we illustrate the utility of this framework. 11 local common practices relating to LEK were identified. According to thethree aspects for integration, alternative design solutions were offered. The survey showed that LEK based designwas more highly valued than other conventional ways in terms of useracceptance. We conclude that LEK provides actionable ecologically sound and culturally desirablesolutions for urbanlandscape. We also recognise that LEK evolveswith changing environments and new harmonious and dynamic human-nature relationships arecontinually re-forming. The process of acquisition and application of LEK could encourage multidisciplinary and synthetic approaches to urban ecosystems. Such adaptability and interdisciplinary engagementare crucial totoday’schanging and complexurban environments.     

广西矿区大气沉降与稻米重金累积的关系分析(英文)

笔者就大气沉降的概念、来源及其危害作了简要的概述,并对广西矿区大气沉降与稻米重金属累积的关系作简要分析,以期对广西矿区重金属沉降污染实施有效的风险预警,确保稻米安全生产提供参考。     

广西巨尾桉2年生人工幼林生物量及生产力研究

在对广西沙塘林场巨尾桉2年生人工林调查基础上，按标准木法测定巨尾桉人工幼林生物量，建立其估算模型，计算出巨尾桉人工林分的生物量和生产力，分析各器官生物量分配规律及林分生产力水平。结果表明，2年生巨尾桉人工林年生物量为16.57 t/hm^2，其中，干、根、叶、枝、皮各器官生物量所占比例依次为46.67％、16.85％、14.62％、12.16％、9.62％。应用建立的估算模型估测巨尾桉人工幼林生物量，其相关程度达显著水平。     

PTDCA模式在黄土丘陵区防护林建设中的应用

笔者通过黄土丘陵区防护林综合配套技术构建的实践与探索,结合林业工程的生态公益性出发,以参与式PDCA项目周期管理方法为基础,创造性地引入培训(Train)这一环节,提出了增能扩效PTDCA项目周期管理模式。具体阐述了PTDCA的涵义,从制定计划、培训、项目实施、监测评估和完善改进5个方面介绍了PTDCA在防护林建设中的应用过程,指出了项目实施具有提高森林覆盖率、提高造林成活率与保存率、增加林木生长量和加强培训效果4个方面的成效,最后对PTDCA项目周期管理模式今后的发展进行了展望。     

红三角区域农产品虚拟水的比较研究

以虚拟水计算方法为基础,对南方地区红三角区域2000年的农产品虚拟水进行了比较研究,并对区域农产品的结构调整及水资源利用进行了探讨。结果表明,在不降低人均水资源消费需求的情况下,水资源较丰富的地区可通过农产品虚拟水贸易方式,更好地发挥区域性水资源优势,并引导人们改变其生产结构与消费模式,主动开发和生产有效益的水资源密集型农产品;通过农产品虚拟水战略,在更大区域范围内缓解水资源紧缺地区的水资源压力,创新水资源管理机制。     

广西红树林资源现状及保护发展对策

针对广西红树林资源变化较大,长期缺乏准确调查数据的情况,2001年,采用“3S”技术与地面调查相结合的方法对广西红树林资源进行了全面的调查。根据调查结果,从资源管理的角度出发,对广西红树林的种类、群落、分布、数量、质量、生境和生态经济与枉会价值等进行分析和论述,并提出了针对性的保护和发展对策。     

广西青狮潭自然保护区植物区系研究

对广西青狮潭的植物区系调查表明:①植物区系种类丰富,有维管束植物215科704属1 480种,分别占广西维管束植物科的76.0%、属的39.6%和种的22.4%;②森林植物特征明显,按植物性状有木本维管束植物762种、草本572种、藤本植物146种,木本植物所占比重大;③地理成分复杂,以泛热带成分为主,泛热带及两个变型共140属,在区系中占除世界分布属外的24.1%,其次为热带亚洲(印度-马来西亚)及其变型,占除世界分布属外的16.0%;④与桂北其它植物区系相比,具有较多的南亚热带成分.     

Forest Fires and Prevention Strategies in Northwestern Region of China

The paper described the natural conditions and forest types in Northwestern Region of China. Most forests in the region are distributed in subalpine areas. It is important to protect the existent forests in the region for maintaining ecological balance. According to the statistics results of 1991~2000, the paper analyzes the forest fires distribution and fire severity. Annually the numbers of forest fires range from 52 to 240. The incidence rate of forest fires in Northwestern Region is under 0.33 per ten thousand ha. There are 0.67-64.4 ha burned area per ten thousand ha forest. The main reasons for forest fires lie in the dry weather conditions, many firebrands, and high fuel loading. The strategies of fire management in the region are to stress the fire education in forest regions, strength the firebrands' management, emphasize the fuel management, and improve the fire monitoring and fire control ability.     

千岛湖地区森林土壤类型与可持续利用研究

对千岛湖地区森林土壤类型及其分布进行了调查,结果表明:森林土壤有3个土类、5个亚类、10个土属。分布以黄红壤为主,占86.8%;钙质紫砂土次之,占7.8%;侵蚀性红壤占2.7%;石灰岩土占2.5%;黄壤面积最小,仅占0.2%。研究了不同林分类型的土壤理化性质,认为不同湖区林场的天然林土壤养分差异较大,从整个地区角度看各种林型间土壤养分无差异性,但从每个林场单独分析,无论是天然林,还是人工林,阔叶林地养分明显高于针叶林和混交林地。因而,实施针叶林阔叶化改造,对千岛湖地区林地的持续发展,提高其水源涵养、保持水土、景观生态等效益是有益的。